//
// (c) 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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package l2hc.commons.text;

import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * PrintfFormat allows the formatting of an array of
 * objects embedded within a string.  Primitive types
 * must be passed using wrapper types.  The formatting
 * is controlled by a control string.
 * <p>
 * A control string is a Java string that contains a
 * control specification.  The control specification
 * starts at the first percent sign (%) in the string,
 * provided that this percent sign
 * <ol>
 * <li>is not escaped protected by a matching % or is
 * not an escape % character,
 * <li>is not at the end of the format string, and
 * <li>precedes a sequence of characters that parses as
 * a valid control specification.
 * </ol>
 * </p><p>
 * A control specification usually takes the form:
 * <pre> % ['-+ #0]* [0..9]* { . [0..9]* }+
 *                { [hlL] }+ [idfgGoxXeEcs]
 * </pre>
 * There are variants of this basic form that are
 * discussed below.</p>
 * <p>
 * The format is composed of zero or more directives
 * defined as follows:
 * <ul>
 * <li>ordinary characters, which are simply copied to
 * the output stream;
 * <li>escape sequences, which represent non-graphic
 * characters; and
 * <li>conversion specifications,  each of which
 * results in the fetching of zero or more arguments.
 * </ul></p>
 * <p>
 * The results are undefined if there are insufficient
 * arguments for the format.  Usually an unchecked
 * exception will be thrown.  If the format is
 * exhausted while arguments remain, the excess
 * arguments are evaluated but are otherwise ignored.
 * In format strings containing the % form of
 * conversion specifications, each argument in the
 * argument list is used exactly once.</p>
 * <p>
 * Conversions can be applied to the <code>n</code>th
 * argument after the format in the argument list,
 * rather than to the next unused argument.  In this
 * case, the conversion characer % is replaced by the
 * sequence %<code>n</code>$, where <code>n</code> is
 * a decimal integer giving the position of the
 * argument in the argument list.</p>
 * <p>
 * In format strings containing the %<code>n</code>$
 * form of conversion specifications, each argument
 * in the argument list is used exactly once.</p>
 * <p/>
 * <h4>Escape Sequences</h4>
 * <p>
 * The following table lists escape sequences and
 * associated actions on display devices capable of
 * the action.
 * <table>
 * <tr><th align=left>Sequence</th>
 * <th align=left>Name</th>
 * <th align=left>Description</th></tr>
 * <tr><td>\\</td><td>backlash</td><td>None.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\a</td><td>alert</td><td>Attempts to alert
 * the user through audible or visible
 * notification.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\b</td><td>backspace</td><td>Moves the
 * printing position to one column before
 * the current position, unless the
 * current position is the start of a line.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\f</td><td>form-feed</td><td>Moves the
 * printing position to the initial
 * printing position of the next logical
 * page.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\n</td><td>newline</td><td>Moves the
 * printing position to the start of the
 * next line.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\r</td><td>carriage-return</td><td>Moves
 * the printing position to the start of
 * the current line.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\t</td><td>tab</td><td>Moves the printing
 * position to the next implementation-
 * defined horizontal tab position.
 * </td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\v</td><td>vertical-tab</td><td>Moves the
 * printing position to the start of the
 * next implementation-defined vertical
 * tab position.
 * </td></tr>
 * </table></p>
 * <h4>Conversion Specifications</h4>
 * <p>
 * Each conversion specification is introduced by
 * the percent sign character (%).  After the character
 * %, the following appear in sequence:</p>
 * <p>
 * Zero or more flags (in any order), which modify the
 * meaning of the conversion specification.</p>
 * <p>
 * An optional minimum field width.  If the converted
 * value has fewer characters than the field width, it
 * will be padded with spaces by default on the left;
 * t will be padded on the right, if the left-
 * adjustment flag (-), described below, is given to
 * the field width.  The field width takes the form
 * of a decimal integer.  If the conversion character
 * is s, the field width is the the minimum number of
 * characters to be printed.</p>
 * <p>
 * An optional precision that gives the minumum number
 * of digits to appear for the d, i, o, x or X
 * conversions (the field is padded with leading
 * zeros); the number of digits to appear after the
 * radix character for the e, E, and f conversions,
 * the maximum number of significant digits for the g
 * and G conversions; or the maximum number of
 * characters to be written from a string is s and S
 * conversions.  The precision takes the form of an
 * optional decimal digit string, where a null digit
 * string is treated as 0.  If a precision appears
 * with a c conversion character the precision is
 * ignored.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * An optional h specifies that a following d, i, o,
 * x, or X conversion character applies to a type
 * short argument (the argument will be promoted
 * according to the integral promotions and its value
 * converted to type short before printing).</p>
 * <p>
 * An optional l (ell) specifies that a following
 * d, i, o, x, or X conversion character applies to a
 * type long argument.</p>
 * <p>
 * A field width or precision may be indicated by an
 * asterisk (*) instead of a digit string.  In this
 * case, an integer argument supplised the field width
 * precision.  The argument that is actually converted
 * is not fetched until the conversion letter is seen,
 * so the the arguments specifying field width or
 * precision must appear before the argument (if any)
 * to be converted.  If the precision argument is
 * negative, it will be changed to zero.  A negative
 * field width argument is taken as a - flag, followed
 * by a positive field width.</p>
 * <p>
 * In format strings containing the %<code>n</code>$
 * form of a conversion specification, a field width
 * or precision may be indicated by the sequence
 * *<code>m</code>$, where m is a decimal integer
 * giving the position in the argument list (after the
 * format argument) of an integer argument containing
 * the field width or precision.</p>
 * <p>
 * The format can contain either numbered argument
 * specifications (that is, %<code>n</code>$ and
 * *<code>m</code>$), or unnumbered argument
 * specifications (that is % and *), but normally not
 * both.  The only exception to this is that %% can
 * be mixed with the %<code>n</code>$ form.  The
 * results of mixing numbered and unnumbered argument
 * specifications in a format string are undefined.</p>
 * <p/>
 * <h4>Flag Characters</h4>
 * <p>
 * The flags and their meanings are:</p>
 * <dl>
 * <dt>'<dd> integer portion of the result of a
 * decimal conversion (%i, %d, %f, %g, or %G) will
 * be formatted with thousands' grouping
 * characters.  For other conversions the flag
 * is ignored.  The non-monetary grouping
 * character is used.
 * <dt>-<dd> result of the conversion is left-justified
 * within the field.  (It will be right-justified
 * if this flag is not specified).</td></tr>
 * <dt>+<dd> result of a signed conversion always
 * begins with a sign (+ or -).  (It will begin
 * with a sign only when a negative value is
 * converted if this flag is not specified.)
 * <dt>&lt;space&gt;<dd> If the first character of a
 * signed conversion is not a sign, a space
 * character will be placed before the result.
 * This means that if the space character and +
 * flags both appear, the space flag will be
 * ignored.
 * <dt>#<dd> value is to be converted to an alternative
 * form.  For c, d, i, and s conversions, the flag
 * has no effect.  For o conversion, it increases
 * the precision to force the first digit of the
 * result to be a zero.  For x or X conversion, a
 * non-zero result has 0x or 0X prefixed to it,
 * respectively.  For e, E, f, g, and G
 * conversions, the result always contains a radix
 * character, even if no digits follow the radix
 * character (normally, a decimal point appears in
 * the result of these conversions only if a digit
 * follows it).  For g and G conversions, trailing
 * zeros will not be removed from the result as
 * they normally are.
 * <dt>0<dd> d, i, o, x, X, e, E, f, g, and G
 * conversions, leading zeros (following any
 * indication of sign or base) are used to pad to
 * the field width;  no space padding is
 * performed.  If the 0 and - flags both appear,
 * the 0 flag is ignored.  For d, i, o, x, and X
 * conversions, if a precision is specified, the
 * 0 flag will be ignored. For c conversions,
 * the flag is ignored.
 * </dl>
 * <p/>
 * <h4>Conversion Characters</h4>
 * <p>
 * Each conversion character results in fetching zero
 * or more arguments.  The results are undefined if
 * there are insufficient arguments for the format.
 * Usually, an unchecked exception will be thrown.
 * If the format is exhausted while arguments remain,
 * the excess arguments are ignored.</p>
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * The conversion characters and their meanings are:
 * </p>
 * <dl>
 * <dt>d,i<dd>The int argument is converted to a
 * signed decimal in the style [-]dddd.  The
 * precision specifies the minimum number of
 * digits to appear;  if the value being
 * converted can be represented in fewer
 * digits, it will be expanded with leading
 * zeros.  The default precision is 1.  The
 * result of converting 0 with an explicit
 * precision of 0 is no characters.
 * <dt>o<dd> The int argument is converted to unsigned
 * octal format in the style ddddd.  The
 * precision specifies the minimum number of
 * digits to appear;  if the value being
 * converted can be represented in fewer
 * digits, it will be expanded with leading
 * zeros.  The default precision is 1.  The
 * result of converting 0 with an explicit
 * precision of 0 is no characters.
 * <dt>x<dd> The int argument is converted to unsigned
 * hexadecimal format in the style dddd;  the
 * letters abcdef are used.  The precision
 * specifies the minimum numberof digits to
 * appear; if the value being converted can be
 * represented in fewer digits, it will be
 * expanded with leading zeros.  The default
 * precision is 1.  The result of converting 0
 * with an explicit precision of 0 is no
 * characters.
 * <dt>X<dd> Behaves the same as the x conversion
 * character except that letters ABCDEF are
 * used instead of abcdef.
 * <dt>f<dd> The floating point number argument is
 * written in decimal notation in the style
 * [-]ddd.ddd, where the number of digits after
 * the radix character (shown here as a decimal
 * point) is equal to the precision
 * specification.  A Locale is used to determine
 * the radix character to use in this format.
 * If the precision is omitted from the
 * argument, six digits are written after the
 * radix character;  if the precision is
 * explicitly 0 and the # flag is not specified,
 * no radix character appears.  If a radix
 * character appears, at least 1 digit appears
 * before it.  The value is rounded to the
 * appropriate number of digits.
 * <dt>e,E<dd>The floating point number argument is
 * written in the style [-]d.ddde{+-}dd
 * (the symbols {+-} indicate either a plus or
 * minus sign), where there is one digit before
 * the radix character (shown here as a decimal
 * point) and the number of digits after it is
 * equal to the precision.  A Locale is used to
 * determine the radix character to use in this
 * format.  When the precision is missing, six
 * digits are written after the radix character;
 * if the precision is 0 and the # flag is not
 * specified, no radix character appears.  The
 * E conversion will produce a number with E
 * instead of e introducing the exponent.  The
 * exponent always contains at least two digits.
 * However, if the value to be written requires
 * an exponent greater than two digits,
 * additional exponent digits are written as
 * necessary.  The value is rounded to the
 * appropriate number of digits.
 * <dt>g,G<dd>The floating point number argument is
 * written in style f or e (or in sytle E in the
 * case of a G conversion character), with the
 * precision specifying the number of
 * significant digits.  If the precision is
 * zero, it is taken as one.  The style used
 * depends on the value converted:  style e
 * (or E) will be used only if the exponent
 * resulting from the conversion is less than
 * -4 or greater than or equal to the precision.
 * Trailing zeros are removed from the result.
 * A radix character appears only if it is
 * followed by a digit.
 * <dt>c,C<dd>The integer argument is converted to a
 * char and the result is written.
 * <p/>
 * <dt>s,S<dd>The argument is taken to be a string and
 * bytes from the string are written until the
 * end of the string or the number of bytes
 * indicated by the precision specification of
 * the argument is reached.  If the precision
 * is omitted from the argument, it is taken to
 * be infinite, so all characters up to the end
 * of the string are written.
 * <dt>%<dd>Write a % character;  no argument is
 * converted.
 * </dl>
 * <p>
 * If a conversion specification does not match one of
 * the above forms, an IllegalArgumentException is
 * thrown and the instance of PrintfFormat is not
 * created.</p>
 * <p>
 * If a floating point value is the internal
 * representation for infinity, the output is
 * [+]Infinity, where Infinity is either Infinity or
 * Inf, depending on the desired output string length.
 * Printing of the sign follows the rules described
 * above.</p>
 * <p>
 * If a floating point value is the internal
 * representation for "not-a-number," the output is
 * [+]NaN.  Printing of the sign follows the rules
 * described above.</p>
 * <p>
 * In no case does a non-existent or small field width
 * cause truncation of a field;  if the result of a
 * conversion is wider than the field width, the field
 * is simply expanded to contain the conversion result.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The behavior is like printf.  One exception is that
 * the minimum number of exponent digits is 3 instead
 * of 2 for e and E formats when the optional L is used
 * before the e, E, g, or G conversion character.  The
 * optional L does not imply conversion to a long long
 * double. </p>
 * <p>
 * The biggest divergence from the C printf
 * specification is in the use of 16 bit characters.
 * This allows the handling of characters beyond the
 * small ASCII character set and allows the utility to
 * interoperate correctly with the rest of the Java
 * runtime environment.</p>
 * <p>
 * Omissions from the C printf specification are
 * numerous.  All the known omissions are present
 * because Java never uses bytes to represent
 * characters and does not have pointers:</p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>%c is the same as %C.
 * <li>%s is the same as %S.
 * <li>u, p, and n conversion characters.
 * <li>%ws format.
 * <li>h modifier applied to an n conversion character.
 * <li>l (ell) modifier applied to the c, n, or s
 * conversion characters.
 * <li>ll (ell ell) modifier to d, i, o, u, x, or X
 * conversion characters.
 * <li>ll (ell ell) modifier to an n conversion
 * character.
 * <li>c, C, d,i,o,u,x, and X conversion characters
 * apply to Byte, Character, Short, Integer, Long
 * types.
 * <li>f, e, E, g, and G conversion characters apply
 * to Float and Double types.
 * <li>s and S conversion characters apply to String
 * types.
 * <li>All other reference types can be formatted
 * using the s or S conversion characters only.
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * Most of this specification is quoted from the Unix
 * man page for the sprintf utility.</p>
 *
 * @author Allan Jacobs
 * @version 1
 *          Release 1: Initial release.
 *          Release 2: Asterisk field widths and precisions
 *          %n$ and *m$
 *          Bug fixes
 *          g format fix (2 digits in e form corrupt)
 *          rounding in f format implemented
 *          round up when digit not printed is 5
 *          formatting of -0.0f
 *          round up/down when last digits are 50000...
 */
public class PrintfFormat {
    /**
     * Constructs an array of control specifications
     * possibly preceded, separated, or followed by
     * ordinary strings.  Control strings begin with
     * unpaired percent signs.  A pair of successive
     * percent signs designates a single percent sign in
     * the format.
     *
     * @param fmtArg Control string.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the control
     *                                  string is null, zero length, or otherwise
     *                                  malformed.
     */
    public PrintfFormat(String fmtArg) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        this(Locale.getDefault(), fmtArg);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an array of control specifications
     * possibly preceded, separated, or followed by
     * ordinary strings.  Control strings begin with
     * unpaired percent signs.  A pair of successive
     * percent signs designates a single percent sign in
     * the format.
     *
     * @param fmtArg Control string.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the control
     *                                  string is null, zero length, or otherwise
     *                                  malformed.
     */
    public PrintfFormat(Locale locale, String fmtArg) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        dfs = new DecimalFormatSymbols(locale);
        int ePos = 0;
        ConversionSpecification sFmt = null;
        String unCS = nonControl(fmtArg, 0);
        if (unCS != null) {
            sFmt = new ConversionSpecification();
            sFmt.setLiteral(unCS);
            vFmt.add(sFmt);
        }
        while (cPos != -1 && cPos < fmtArg.length()) {
            for (ePos = cPos + 1; ePos < fmtArg.length(); ePos++) {
                char c = 0;
                c = fmtArg.charAt(ePos);
                if (c == 'i')
                    break;
                if (c == 'd')
                    break;
                if (c == 'f')
                    break;
                if (c == 'g')
                    break;
                if (c == 'G')
                    break;
                if (c == 'o')
                    break;
                if (c == 'x')
                    break;
                if (c == 'X')
                    break;
                if (c == 'e')
                    break;
                if (c == 'E')
                    break;
                if (c == 'c')
                    break;
                if (c == 's')
                    break;
                if (c == '%')
                    break;
            }
            ePos = Math.min(ePos + 1, fmtArg.length());
            sFmt = new ConversionSpecification(fmtArg.substring(cPos, ePos));
            vFmt.add(sFmt);
            unCS = nonControl(fmtArg, ePos);
            if (unCS != null) {
                sFmt = new ConversionSpecification();
                sFmt.setLiteral(unCS);
                vFmt.add(sFmt);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return a substring starting at
     * <code>start</code> and ending at either the end
     * of the String <code>s</code>, the next unpaired
     * percent sign, or at the end of the String if the
     * last character is a percent sign.
     *
     * @param s     Control string.
     * @param start Position in the string
     *              <code>s</code> to begin looking for the start
     *              of a control string.
     * @return the substring from the start position
     *         to the beginning of the control string.
     */
    private String nonControl(String s, int start) {
        cPos = s.indexOf("%", start);
        if (cPos == -1)
            cPos = s.length();
        return s.substring(start, cPos);
    }

    /**
     * Format an array of objects.  Byte, Short,
     * Integer, Long, Float, Double, and Character
     * arguments are treated as wrappers for primitive
     * types.
     *
     * @param o The array of objects to format.
     * @return The formatted String.
     */
    public String sprintf(Object... o) {
        char c = 0;
        int i = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else {
                if (cs.isPositionalSpecification()) {
                    i = cs.getArgumentPosition() - 1;
                    if (cs.isPositionalFieldWidth()) {
                        int ifw = cs.getArgumentPositionForFieldWidth() - 1;
                        cs.setFieldWidthWithArg(((Integer) o[ifw]).intValue());
                    }
                    if (cs.isPositionalPrecision()) {
                        int ipr = cs.getArgumentPositionForPrecision() - 1;
                        cs.setPrecisionWithArg(((Integer) o[ipr]).intValue());
                    }
                } else {
                    if (cs.isVariableFieldWidth()) {
                        cs.setFieldWidthWithArg(((Integer) o[i]).intValue());
                        i++;
                    }
                    if (cs.isVariablePrecision()) {
                        cs.setPrecisionWithArg(((Integer) o[i]).intValue());
                        i++;
                    }
                }
                if (o[i] instanceof Byte)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Byte) o[i]).byteValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Short)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Short) o[i]).shortValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Integer)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Integer) o[i]).intValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Long)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Long) o[i]).longValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Float)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Float) o[i]).floatValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Double)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Double) o[i]).doubleValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof Character)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Character) o[i]).charValue()));
                else if (o[i] instanceof String)
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf((String) o[i]));
                else
                    sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(o[i]));
                if (!cs.isPositionalSpecification())
                    i++;
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format nothing.  Just use the control string.
     *
     * @return the formatted String.
     */
    public String sprintf() {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format an int.
     *
     * @param x The int to format.
     * @return The formatted String.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
     *                                  conversion character is f, e, E, g, G, s,
     *                                  or S.
     */
    public String sprintf(int x) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(x));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format an long.
     *
     * @param x The long to format.
     * @return The formatted String.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
     *                                  conversion character is f, e, E, g, G, s,
     *                                  or S.
     */
    public String sprintf(long x) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(x));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format a double.
     *
     * @param x The double to format.
     * @return The formatted String.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
     *                                  conversion character is c, C, s, S,
     *                                  d, d, x, X, or o.
     */
    public String sprintf(double x) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(x));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format a String.
     *
     * @param x The String to format.
     * @return The formatted String.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
     *                                  conversion character is neither s nor S.
     */
    public String sprintf(String x) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(x));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format an Object.  Convert wrapper types to
     * their primitive equivalents and call the
     * appropriate internal formatting method. Convert
     * Strings using an internal formatting method for
     * Strings. Otherwise use the default formatter
     * (use toString).
     *
     * @param x the Object to format.
     * @return the formatted String.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
     *                                  conversion character is inappropriate for
     *                                  formatting an unwrapped value.
     */
    public String sprintf(Object x) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        char c = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (ConversionSpecification cs : vFmt) {
            c = cs.getConversionCharacter();
            if (c == '\0')
                sb.append(cs.getLiteral());
            else if (c == '%')
                sb.append("%");
            else if (x instanceof Byte)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Byte) x).byteValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Short)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Short) x).shortValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Integer)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Integer) x).intValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Long)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Long) x).longValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Float)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Float) x).floatValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Double)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Double) x).doubleValue()));
            else if (x instanceof Character)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(((Character) x).charValue()));
            else if (x instanceof String)
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf((String) x));
            else
                sb.append(cs.internalsprintf(x));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * <p/>
     * ConversionSpecification allows the formatting of
     * a single primitive or object embedded within a
     * string.  The formatting is controlled by a
     * format string.  Only one Java primitive or
     * object can be formatted at a time.
     * <p/>
     * A format string is a Java string that contains
     * a control string.  The control string starts at
     * the first percent sign (%) in the string,
     * provided that this percent sign
     * <ol>
     * <li>is not escaped protected by a matching % or
     * is not an escape % character,
     * <li>is not at the end of the format string, and
     * <li>precedes a sequence of characters that parses
     * as a valid control string.
     * </ol>
     * <p/>
     * A control string takes the form:
     * <pre> % ['-+ #0]* [0..9]* { . [0..9]* }+
     *                { [hlL] }+ [idfgGoxXeEcs]
     * </pre>
     * <p/>
     * The behavior is like printf.  One (hopefully the
     * only) exception is that the minimum number of
     * exponent digits is 3 instead of 2 for e and E
     * formats when the optional L is used before the
     * e, E, g, or G conversion character.  The
     * optional L does not imply conversion to a long
     * long double.
     */
    private class ConversionSpecification {
        /**
         * Constructor.  Used to prepare an instance
         * to hold a literal, not a control string.
         */
        ConversionSpecification() {
        }

        /**
         * Constructor for a conversion specification.
         * The argument must begin with a % and end
         * with the conversion character for the
         * conversion specification.
         *
         * @param fmtArg String specifying the
         *               conversion specification.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  input string is null, zero length, or
         *                                  otherwise malformed.
         */
        ConversionSpecification(String fmtArg) throws IllegalArgumentException {
            if (fmtArg == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            if (fmtArg.length() == 0)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Control strings must have positive" + " lengths.");
            if (fmtArg.charAt(0) == '%') {
                fmt = fmtArg;
                pos = 1;
                setArgPosition();
                setFlagCharacters();
                setFieldWidth();
                setPrecision();
                setOptionalHL();
                if (setConversionCharacter()) {
                    if (pos == fmtArg.length()) {
                        if (leadingZeros && leftJustify)
                            leadingZeros = false;
                        if (precisionSet && leadingZeros)
                            if (conversionCharacter == 'd' || conversionCharacter == 'i' || conversionCharacter == 'o' || conversionCharacter == 'x')
                                leadingZeros = false;
                    } else
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed conversion specification=" + fmtArg);
                } else
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed conversion specification=" + fmtArg);
            } else
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Control strings must begin with %.");
        }

        /**
         * Set the String for this instance.
         *
         * @param s the String to store.
         */
        void setLiteral(String s) {
            fmt = s;
        }

        /**
         * Get the String for this instance.  Translate
         * any escape sequences.
         *
         * @return s the stored String.
         */
        String getLiteral() {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            int i = 0;
            while (i < fmt.length())
                if (fmt.charAt(i) == '\\') {
                    i++;
                    if (i < fmt.length()) {
                        char c = fmt.charAt(i);
                        switch (c) {
                            case 'a':
                                sb.append((char) 0x07);
                                break;
                            case 'b':
                                sb.append('\b');
                                break;
                            case 'f':
                                sb.append('\f');
                                break;
                            case 'n':
                                sb.append(System.getProperty("line.separator"));
                                break;
                            case 'r':
                                sb.append('\r');
                                break;
                            case 't':
                                sb.append('\t');
                                break;
                            case 'v':
                                sb.append((char) 0x0b);
                                break;
                            case '\\':
                                sb.append('\\');
                                break;
                        }
                        i++;
                    } else
                        sb.append('\\');
                } else
                    i++;
            return fmt;
        }

        /**
         * Get the conversion character that tells what
         * type of control character this instance has.
         *
         * @return the conversion character.
         */
        char getConversionCharacter() {
            return conversionCharacter;
        }

        /**
         * Check whether the specifier has a variable
         * field width that is going to be set by an
         * argument.
         *
         * @return <code>true</code> if the conversion
         *         uses an * field width; otherwise
         *         <code>false</code>.
         */
        boolean isVariableFieldWidth() {
            return variableFieldWidth;
        }

        /**
         * Set the field width with an argument.  A
         * negative field width is taken as a - flag
         * followed by a positive field width.
         *
         * @param fw the field width.
         */
        void setFieldWidthWithArg(int fw) {
            if (fw < 0)
                leftJustify = true;
            fieldWidthSet = true;
            fieldWidth = Math.abs(fw);
        }

        /**
         * Check whether the specifier has a variable
         * precision that is going to be set by an
         * argument.
         *
         * @return <code>true</code> if the conversion
         *         uses an * precision; otherwise
         *         <code>false</code>.
         */
        boolean isVariablePrecision() {
            return variablePrecision;
        }

        /**
         * Set the precision with an argument.  A
         * negative precision will be changed to zero.
         *
         * @param pr the precision.
         */
        void setPrecisionWithArg(int pr) {
            precisionSet = true;
            precision = Math.max(pr, 0);
        }

        /**
         * Format an int argument using this conversion
         * specification.
         *
         * @param s the int to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  conversion character is f, e, E, g, or G.
         */
        String internalsprintf(int s) throws IllegalArgumentException {
            String s2 = "";
            switch (conversionCharacter) {
                case 'd':
                case 'i':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printDFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printDFormat((long) s);
                    else
                        s2 = printDFormat(s);
                    break;
                case 'x':
                case 'X':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printXFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printXFormat((long) s);
                    else
                        s2 = printXFormat(s);
                    break;
                case 'o':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printOFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printOFormat((long) s);
                    else
                        s2 = printOFormat(s);
                    break;
                case 'c':
                case 'C':
                    s2 = printCFormat((char) s);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot format a int with a format using a " + conversionCharacter + " conversion character.");
            }
            return s2;
        }

        /**
         * Format a long argument using this conversion
         * specification.
         *
         * @param s the long to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  conversion character is f, e, E, g, or G.
         */
        String internalsprintf(long s) throws IllegalArgumentException {
            String s2 = "";
            switch (conversionCharacter) {
                case 'd':
                case 'i':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printDFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printDFormat(s);
                    else
                        s2 = printDFormat((int) s);
                    break;
                case 'x':
                case 'X':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printXFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printXFormat(s);
                    else
                        s2 = printXFormat((int) s);
                    break;
                case 'o':
                    if (optionalh)
                        s2 = printOFormat((short) s);
                    else if (optionall)
                        s2 = printOFormat(s);
                    else
                        s2 = printOFormat((int) s);
                    break;
                case 'c':
                case 'C':
                    s2 = printCFormat((char) s);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot format a long with a format using a " + conversionCharacter + " conversion character.");
            }
            return s2;
        }

        /**
         * Format a double argument using this conversion
         * specification.
         *
         * @param s the double to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  conversion character is c, C, s, S, i, d,
         *                                  x, X, or o.
         */
        String internalsprintf(double s) throws IllegalArgumentException {
            String s2 = "";
            switch (conversionCharacter) {
                case 'f':
                    s2 = printFFormat(s);
                    break;
                case 'E':
                case 'e':
                    s2 = printEFormat(s);
                    break;
                case 'G':
                case 'g':
                    s2 = printGFormat(s);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot " + "format a double with a format using a " + conversionCharacter + " conversion character.");
            }
            return s2;
        }

        /**
         * Format a String argument using this conversion
         * specification.
         *
         * @param s the String to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  conversion character is neither s nor S.
         */
        String internalsprintf(String s) throws IllegalArgumentException {
            String s2 = "";
            if (conversionCharacter == 's' || conversionCharacter == 'S')
                s2 = printSFormat(s);
            else
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot " + "format a String with a format using a " + conversionCharacter + " conversion character.");
            return s2;
        }

        /**
         * Format an Object argument using this conversion
         * specification.
         *
         * @param s the Object to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the
         *                                  conversion character is neither s nor S.
         */
        String internalsprintf(Object s) {
            String s2 = "";
            if (conversionCharacter == 's' || conversionCharacter == 'S')
                s2 = printSFormat(s.toString());
            else
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot format a String with a format using" + " a " + conversionCharacter + " conversion character.");
            return s2;
        }

        /**
         * For f format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both
         * a '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag
         * is ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the number of digits
         * to appear after the radix character.  Padding is
         * with trailing 0s.
         */
        private char[] fFormatDigits(double x) {
            // int defaultDigits=6;
            String sx;
            int i, j, k;
            int n1In, n2In;
            int expon = 0;
            boolean minusSign = false;
            if (x > 0.0)
                sx = Double.toString(x);
            else if (x < 0.0) {
                sx = Double.toString(-x);
                minusSign = true;
            } else {
                sx = Double.toString(x);
                if (sx.charAt(0) == '-') {
                    minusSign = true;
                    sx = sx.substring(1);
                }
            }
            int ePos = sx.indexOf('E');
            int rPos = sx.indexOf('.');
            if (rPos != -1)
                n1In = rPos;
            else if (ePos != -1)
                n1In = ePos;
            else
                n1In = sx.length();
            if (rPos != -1) {
                if (ePos != -1)
                    n2In = ePos - rPos - 1;
                else
                    n2In = sx.length() - rPos - 1;
            } else
                n2In = 0;
            if (ePos != -1) {
                int ie = ePos + 1;
                expon = 0;
                if (sx.charAt(ie) == '-') {
                    for (++ie; ie < sx.length(); ie++)
                        if (sx.charAt(ie) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (ie < sx.length())
                        expon = -Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(ie));
                } else {
                    if (sx.charAt(ie) == '+')
                        ++ie;
                    for (; ie < sx.length(); ie++)
                        if (sx.charAt(ie) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (ie < sx.length())
                        expon = Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(ie));
                }
            }
            int p;
            if (precisionSet)
                p = precision;
            else
                p = defaultDigits - 1;
            char[] ca1 = sx.toCharArray();
            char[] ca2 = new char[n1In + n2In];
            char[] ca3, ca4, ca5;
            for (j = 0; j < n1In; j++)
                ca2[j] = ca1[j];
            i = j + 1;
            for (k = 0; k < n2In; j++, i++, k++)
                ca2[j] = ca1[i];
            if (n1In + expon <= 0) {
                ca3 = new char[-expon + n2In];
                for (j = 0, k = 0; k < -n1In - expon; k++, j++)
                    ca3[j] = '0';
                for (i = 0; i < n1In + n2In; i++, j++)
                    ca3[j] = ca2[i];
            } else
                ca3 = ca2;
            boolean carry = false;
            if (p < -expon + n2In) {
                if (expon < 0)
                    i = p;
                else
                    i = p + n1In;
                carry = checkForCarry(ca3, i);
                if (carry)
                    carry = startSymbolicCarry(ca3, i - 1, 0);
            }
            if (n1In + expon <= 0) {
                ca4 = new char[2 + p];
                if (!carry)
                    ca4[0] = '0';
                else
                    ca4[0] = '1';
                if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0) {
                    ca4[1] = '.';
                    for (i = 0, j = 2; i < Math.min(p, ca3.length); i++, j++)
                        ca4[j] = ca3[i];
                    for (; j < ca4.length; j++)
                        ca4[j] = '0';
                }
            } else {
                if (!carry) {
                    if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0)
                        ca4 = new char[n1In + expon + p + 1];
                    else
                        ca4 = new char[n1In + expon];
                    j = 0;
                } else {
                    if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0)
                        ca4 = new char[n1In + expon + p + 2];
                    else
                        ca4 = new char[n1In + expon + 1];
                    ca4[0] = '1';
                    j = 1;
                }
                for (i = 0; i < Math.min(n1In + expon, ca3.length); i++, j++)
                    ca4[j] = ca3[i];
                for (; i < n1In + expon; i++, j++)
                    ca4[j] = '0';
                if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0) {
                    ca4[j] = '.';
                    j++;
                    for (k = 0; i < ca3.length && k < p; i++, j++, k++)
                        ca4[j] = ca3[i];
                    for (; j < ca4.length; j++)
                        ca4[j] = '0';
                }
            }
            int nZeros = 0;
            if (!leftJustify && leadingZeros) {
                int xThousands = 0;
                if (thousands) {
                    int xlead = 0;
                    if (ca4[0] == '+' || ca4[0] == '-' || ca4[0] == ' ')
                        xlead = 1;
                    int xdp = xlead;
                    for (; xdp < ca4.length; xdp++)
                        if (ca4[xdp] == '.')
                            break;
                    xThousands = (xdp - xlead) / 3;
                }
                if (fieldWidthSet)
                    nZeros = fieldWidth - ca4.length;
                if (!minusSign && (leadingSign || leadingSpace) || minusSign)
                    nZeros--;
                nZeros -= xThousands;
                if (nZeros < 0)
                    nZeros = 0;
            }
            j = 0;
            if (!minusSign && (leadingSign || leadingSpace) || minusSign) {
                ca5 = new char[ca4.length + nZeros + 1];
                j++;
            } else
                ca5 = new char[ca4.length + nZeros];
            if (!minusSign) {
                if (leadingSign)
                    ca5[0] = '+';
                if (leadingSpace)
                    ca5[0] = ' ';
            } else
                ca5[0] = '-';
            for (i = 0; i < nZeros; i++, j++)
                ca5[j] = '0';
            for (i = 0; i < ca4.length; i++, j++)
                ca5[j] = ca4[i];

            int lead = 0;
            if (ca5[0] == '+' || ca5[0] == '-' || ca5[0] == ' ')
                lead = 1;
            int dp = lead;
            for (; dp < ca5.length; dp++)
                if (ca5[dp] == '.')
                    break;
            int nThousands = (dp - lead) / 3;
            // Localize the decimal point.
            if (dp < ca5.length)
                ca5[dp] = dfs.getDecimalSeparator();
            char[] ca6 = ca5;
            if (thousands && nThousands > 0) {
                ca6 = new char[ca5.length + nThousands + lead];
                ca6[0] = ca5[0];
                for (i = lead, k = lead; i < dp; i++)
                    if (i > 0 && (dp - i) % 3 == 0) {
                        // ca6[k]=',';
                        ca6[k] = dfs.getGroupingSeparator();
                        ca6[k + 1] = ca5[i];
                        k += 2;
                    } else {
                        ca6[k] = ca5[i];
                        k++;
                    }
                for (; i < ca5.length; i++, k++)
                    ca6[k] = ca5[i];
            }
            return ca6;
        }

        /**
         * An intermediate routine on the way to creating
         * an f format String.  The method decides whether
         * the input double value is an infinity,
         * not-a-number, or a finite double and formats
         * each type of input appropriately.
         *
         * @param x the double value to be formatted.
         * @return the converted double value.
         */
        private String fFormatString(double x) {
            char[] ca6, ca7;
            if (Double.isInfinite(x)) {
                if (x == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                    if (leadingSign)
                        ca6 = "+Inf".toCharArray();
                    else if (leadingSpace)
                        ca6 = " Inf".toCharArray();
                    else
                        ca6 = "Inf".toCharArray();
                } else
                    ca6 = "-Inf".toCharArray();
            } else if (Double.isNaN(x)) {
                if (leadingSign)
                    ca6 = "+NaN".toCharArray();
                else if (leadingSpace)
                    ca6 = " NaN".toCharArray();
                else
                    ca6 = "NaN".toCharArray();
            } else
                ca6 = fFormatDigits(x);
            ca7 = applyFloatPadding(ca6, false);
            return new String(ca7);
        }

        /**
         * For e format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both a
         * '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag is
         * ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear after the radix character.
         * Padding is with trailing 0s.
         * <p/>
         * The behavior is like printf.  One (hopefully the
         * only) exception is that the minimum number of
         * exponent digits is 3 instead of 2 for e and E
         * formats when the optional L is used before the
         * e, E, g, or G conversion character. The optional
         * L does not imply conversion to a long long
         * double.
         */
        private char[] eFormatDigits(double x, char eChar) {
            char[] ca1, ca2, ca3;
            // int defaultDigits=6;
            String sx;
            int i, j, k, p;
            int expon = 0;
            int ePos, rPos, eSize;
            boolean minusSign = false;
            if (x > 0.0)
                sx = Double.toString(x);
            else if (x < 0.0) {
                sx = Double.toString(-x);
                minusSign = true;
            } else {
                sx = Double.toString(x);
                if (sx.charAt(0) == '-') {
                    minusSign = true;
                    sx = sx.substring(1);
                }
            }
            ePos = sx.indexOf('E');
            if (ePos == -1)
                ePos = sx.indexOf('e');
            rPos = sx.indexOf('.');
            if (ePos != -1) {
                int ie = ePos + 1;
                expon = 0;
                if (sx.charAt(ie) == '-') {
                    for (++ie; ie < sx.length(); ie++)
                        if (sx.charAt(ie) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (ie < sx.length())
                        expon = -Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(ie));
                } else {
                    if (sx.charAt(ie) == '+')
                        ++ie;
                    for (; ie < sx.length(); ie++)
                        if (sx.charAt(ie) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (ie < sx.length())
                        expon = Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(ie));
                }
            }
            if (rPos != -1)
                expon += rPos - 1;
            if (precisionSet)
                p = precision;
            else
                p = defaultDigits - 1;
            if (rPos != -1 && ePos != -1)
                ca1 = (sx.substring(0, rPos) + sx.substring(rPos + 1, ePos)).toCharArray();
            else if (rPos != -1)
                ca1 = (sx.substring(0, rPos) + sx.substring(rPos + 1)).toCharArray();
            else if (ePos != -1)
                ca1 = sx.substring(0, ePos).toCharArray();
            else
                ca1 = sx.toCharArray();
            boolean carry = false;
            int i0 = 0;
            if (ca1[0] != '0')
                i0 = 0;
            else
                for (i0 = 0; i0 < ca1.length; i0++)
                    if (ca1[i0] != '0')
                        break;
            if (i0 + p < ca1.length - 1) {
                carry = checkForCarry(ca1, i0 + p + 1);
                if (carry)
                    carry = startSymbolicCarry(ca1, i0 + p, i0);
                if (carry) {
                    ca2 = new char[i0 + p + 1];
                    ca2[i0] = '1';
                    for (j = 0; j < i0; j++)
                        ca2[j] = '0';
                    for (i = i0, j = i0 + 1; j < p + 1; i++, j++)
                        ca2[j] = ca1[i];
                    expon++;
                    ca1 = ca2;
                }
            }
            if (Math.abs(expon) < 100 && !optionalL)
                eSize = 4;
            else
                eSize = 5;
            if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0)
                ca2 = new char[2 + p + eSize];
            else
                ca2 = new char[1 + eSize];
            if (ca1[0] != '0') {
                ca2[0] = ca1[0];
                j = 1;
            } else {
                for (j = 1; j < (ePos == -1 ? ca1.length : ePos); j++)
                    if (ca1[j] != '0')
                        break;
                if (ePos != -1 && j < ePos || ePos == -1 && j < ca1.length) {
                    ca2[0] = ca1[j];
                    expon -= j;
                    j++;
                } else {
                    ca2[0] = '0';
                    j = 2;
                }
            }
            if (alternateForm || !precisionSet || precision != 0) {
                ca2[1] = '.';
                i = 2;
            } else
                i = 1;
            for (k = 0; k < p && j < ca1.length; j++, i++, k++)
                ca2[i] = ca1[j];
            for (; i < ca2.length - eSize; i++)
                ca2[i] = '0';
            ca2[i++] = eChar;
            if (expon < 0)
                ca2[i++] = '-';
            else
                ca2[i++] = '+';
            expon = Math.abs(expon);
            if (expon >= 100) {
                switch (expon / 100) {
                    case 1:
                        ca2[i] = '1';
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        ca2[i] = '2';
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        ca2[i] = '3';
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        ca2[i] = '4';
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        ca2[i] = '5';
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        ca2[i] = '6';
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        ca2[i] = '7';
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        ca2[i] = '8';
                        break;
                    case 9:
                        ca2[i] = '9';
                        break;
                }
                i++;
            }
            switch (expon % 100 / 10) {
                case 0:
                    ca2[i] = '0';
                    break;
                case 1:
                    ca2[i] = '1';
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ca2[i] = '2';
                    break;
                case 3:
                    ca2[i] = '3';
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ca2[i] = '4';
                    break;
                case 5:
                    ca2[i] = '5';
                    break;
                case 6:
                    ca2[i] = '6';
                    break;
                case 7:
                    ca2[i] = '7';
                    break;
                case 8:
                    ca2[i] = '8';
                    break;
                case 9:
                    ca2[i] = '9';
                    break;
            }
            i++;
            switch (expon % 10) {
                case 0:
                    ca2[i] = '0';
                    break;
                case 1:
                    ca2[i] = '1';
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ca2[i] = '2';
                    break;
                case 3:
                    ca2[i] = '3';
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ca2[i] = '4';
                    break;
                case 5:
                    ca2[i] = '5';
                    break;
                case 6:
                    ca2[i] = '6';
                    break;
                case 7:
                    ca2[i] = '7';
                    break;
                case 8:
                    ca2[i] = '8';
                    break;
                case 9:
                    ca2[i] = '9';
                    break;
            }
            int nZeros = 0;
            if (!leftJustify && leadingZeros) {
                int xThousands = 0;
                if (thousands) {
                    int xlead = 0;
                    if (ca2[0] == '+' || ca2[0] == '-' || ca2[0] == ' ')
                        xlead = 1;
                    int xdp = xlead;
                    for (; xdp < ca2.length; xdp++)
                        if (ca2[xdp] == '.')
                            break;
                    xThousands = (xdp - xlead) / 3;
                }
                if (fieldWidthSet)
                    nZeros = fieldWidth - ca2.length;
                if (!minusSign && (leadingSign || leadingSpace) || minusSign)
                    nZeros--;
                nZeros -= xThousands;
                if (nZeros < 0)
                    nZeros = 0;
            }
            j = 0;
            if (!minusSign && (leadingSign || leadingSpace) || minusSign) {
                ca3 = new char[ca2.length + nZeros + 1];
                j++;
            } else
                ca3 = new char[ca2.length + nZeros];
            if (!minusSign) {
                if (leadingSign)
                    ca3[0] = '+';
                if (leadingSpace)
                    ca3[0] = ' ';
            } else
                ca3[0] = '-';
            for (k = 0; k < nZeros; j++, k++)
                ca3[j] = '0';
            for (i = 0; i < ca2.length && j < ca3.length; i++, j++)
                ca3[j] = ca2[i];

            int lead = 0;
            if (ca3[0] == '+' || ca3[0] == '-' || ca3[0] == ' ')
                lead = 1;
            int dp = lead;
            for (; dp < ca3.length; dp++)
                if (ca3[dp] == '.')
                    break;
            int nThousands = dp / 3;
            // Localize the decimal point.
            if (dp < ca3.length)
                ca3[dp] = dfs.getDecimalSeparator();
            char[] ca4 = ca3;
            if (thousands && nThousands > 0) {
                ca4 = new char[ca3.length + nThousands + lead];
                ca4[0] = ca3[0];
                for (i = lead, k = lead; i < dp; i++)
                    if (i > 0 && (dp - i) % 3 == 0) {
                        // ca4[k]=',';
                        ca4[k] = dfs.getGroupingSeparator();
                        ca4[k + 1] = ca3[i];
                        k += 2;
                    } else {
                        ca4[k] = ca3[i];
                        k++;
                    }
                for (; i < ca3.length; i++, k++)
                    ca4[k] = ca3[i];
            }
            return ca4;
        }

        /**
         * Check to see if the digits that are going to
         * be truncated because of the precision should
         * force a round in the preceding digits.
         *
         * @param ca1    the array of digits
         * @param icarry the index of the first digit that
         *               is to be truncated from the print
         * @return <code>true</code> if the truncation forces
         *         a round that will change the print
         */
        private boolean checkForCarry(char[] ca1, int icarry) {
            boolean carry = false;
            if (icarry < ca1.length)
                if (ca1[icarry] == '6' || ca1[icarry] == '7' || ca1[icarry] == '8' || ca1[icarry] == '9')
                    carry = true;
                else if (ca1[icarry] == '5') {
                    int ii = icarry + 1;
                    for (; ii < ca1.length; ii++)
                        if (ca1[ii] != '0')
                            break;
                    carry = ii < ca1.length;
                    if (!carry && icarry > 0)
                        carry = ca1[icarry - 1] == '1' || ca1[icarry - 1] == '3' || ca1[icarry - 1] == '5' || ca1[icarry - 1] == '7' || ca1[icarry - 1] == '9';
                }
            return carry;
        }

        /**
         * Start the symbolic carry process.  The process
         * is not quite finished because the symbolic
         * carry may change the length of the string and
         * change the exponent (in e format).
         *
         * @param cLast  index of the last digit changed
         *               by the round
         * @param cFirst index of the first digit allowed
         *               to be changed by this phase of the round
         * @return <code>true</code> if the carry forces
         *         a round that will change the print still
         *         more
         */
        private boolean startSymbolicCarry(char[] ca, int cLast, int cFirst) {
            boolean carry = true;
            for (int i = cLast; carry && i >= cFirst; i--) {
                carry = false;
                switch (ca[i]) {
                    case '0':
                        ca[i] = '1';
                        break;
                    case '1':
                        ca[i] = '2';
                        break;
                    case '2':
                        ca[i] = '3';
                        break;
                    case '3':
                        ca[i] = '4';
                        break;
                    case '4':
                        ca[i] = '5';
                        break;
                    case '5':
                        ca[i] = '6';
                        break;
                    case '6':
                        ca[i] = '7';
                        break;
                    case '7':
                        ca[i] = '8';
                        break;
                    case '8':
                        ca[i] = '9';
                        break;
                    case '9':
                        ca[i] = '0';
                        carry = true;
                        break;
                }
            }
            return carry;
        }

        /**
         * An intermediate routine on the way to creating
         * an e format String.  The method decides whether
         * the input double value is an infinity,
         * not-a-number, or a finite double and formats
         * each type of input appropriately.
         *
         * @param x     the double value to be formatted.
         * @param eChar an 'e' or 'E' to use in the
         *              converted double value.
         * @return the converted double value.
         */
        private String eFormatString(double x, char eChar) {
            char[] ca4, ca5;
            if (Double.isInfinite(x)) {
                if (x == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                    if (leadingSign)
                        ca4 = "+Inf".toCharArray();
                    else if (leadingSpace)
                        ca4 = " Inf".toCharArray();
                    else
                        ca4 = "Inf".toCharArray();
                } else
                    ca4 = "-Inf".toCharArray();
            } else if (Double.isNaN(x)) {
                if (leadingSign)
                    ca4 = "+NaN".toCharArray();
                else if (leadingSpace)
                    ca4 = " NaN".toCharArray();
                else
                    ca4 = "NaN".toCharArray();
            } else
                ca4 = eFormatDigits(x, eChar);
            ca5 = applyFloatPadding(ca4, false);
            return new String(ca5);
        }

        /**
         * Apply zero or blank, left or right padding.
         *
         * @param ca4      array of characters before padding is
         *                 finished
         * @param noDigits NaN or signed Inf
         * @return a padded array of characters
         */
        private char[] applyFloatPadding(char[] ca4, boolean noDigits) {
            char[] ca5 = ca4;
            if (fieldWidthSet) {
                int i, j, nBlanks;
                if (leftJustify) {
                    nBlanks = fieldWidth - ca4.length;
                    if (nBlanks > 0) {
                        ca5 = new char[ca4.length + nBlanks];
                        for (i = 0; i < ca4.length; i++)
                            ca5[i] = ca4[i];
                        for (j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                            ca5[i] = ' ';
                    }
                } else if (!leadingZeros || noDigits) {
                    nBlanks = fieldWidth - ca4.length;
                    if (nBlanks > 0) {
                        ca5 = new char[ca4.length + nBlanks];
                        for (i = 0; i < nBlanks; i++)
                            ca5[i] = ' ';
                        for (j = 0; j < ca4.length; i++, j++)
                            ca5[i] = ca4[j];
                    }
                } else if (leadingZeros) {
                    nBlanks = fieldWidth - ca4.length;
                    if (nBlanks > 0) {
                        ca5 = new char[ca4.length + nBlanks];
                        i = 0;
                        j = 0;
                        if (ca4[0] == '-') {
                            ca5[0] = '-';
                            i++;
                            j++;
                        }
                        for (int k = 0; k < nBlanks; i++, k++)
                            ca5[i] = '0';
                        for (; j < ca4.length; i++, j++)
                            ca5[i] = ca4[j];
                    }
                }
            }
            return ca5;
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the f conversion character.
         *
         * @param x the double to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printFFormat(double x) {
            return fFormatString(x);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the e or E conversion
         * character.
         *
         * @param x the double to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printEFormat(double x) {
            if (conversionCharacter == 'e')
                return eFormatString(x, 'e');
            else
                return eFormatString(x, 'E');
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the g conversion character.
         * <p/>
         * For g format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both a
         * '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag is
         * ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear after the radix character.
         * Padding is with trailing 0s.
         *
         * @param x the double to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printGFormat(double x) {
            String sx, sy, sz, ret;
            int savePrecision = precision;
            int i;
            char[] ca4, ca5;
            if (Double.isInfinite(x)) {
                if (x == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                    if (leadingSign)
                        ca4 = "+Inf".toCharArray();
                    else if (leadingSpace)
                        ca4 = " Inf".toCharArray();
                    else
                        ca4 = "Inf".toCharArray();
                } else
                    ca4 = "-Inf".toCharArray();
            } else if (Double.isNaN(x)) {
                if (leadingSign)
                    ca4 = "+NaN".toCharArray();
                else if (leadingSpace)
                    ca4 = " NaN".toCharArray();
                else
                    ca4 = "NaN".toCharArray();
            } else {
                if (!precisionSet)
                    precision = defaultDigits;
                if (precision == 0)
                    precision = 1;
                int ePos = -1;
                if (conversionCharacter == 'g') {
                    sx = eFormatString(x, 'e').trim();
                    ePos = sx.indexOf('e');
                } else {
                    sx = eFormatString(x, 'E').trim();
                    ePos = sx.indexOf('E');
                }
                i = ePos + 1;
                int expon = 0;
                if (sx.charAt(i) == '-') {
                    for (++i; i < sx.length(); i++)
                        if (sx.charAt(i) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (i < sx.length())
                        expon = -Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(i));
                } else {
                    if (sx.charAt(i) == '+')
                        ++i;
                    for (; i < sx.length(); i++)
                        if (sx.charAt(i) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (i < sx.length())
                        expon = Integer.parseInt(sx.substring(i));
                }
                // Trim trailing zeros.
                // If the radix character is not followed by
                // a digit, trim it, too.
                if (!alternateForm) {
                    if (expon >= -4 && expon < precision)
                        sy = fFormatString(x).trim();
                    else
                        sy = sx.substring(0, ePos);
                    i = sy.length() - 1;
                    for (; i >= 0; i--)
                        if (sy.charAt(i) != '0')
                            break;
                    if (i >= 0 && sy.charAt(i) == '.')
                        i--;
                    if (i == -1)
                        sz = "0";
                    else if (!Character.isDigit(sy.charAt(i)))
                        sz = sy.substring(0, i + 1) + "0";
                    else
                        sz = sy.substring(0, i + 1);
                    if (expon >= -4 && expon < precision)
                        ret = sz;
                    else
                        ret = sz + sx.substring(ePos);
                } else if (expon >= -4 && expon < precision)
                    ret = fFormatString(x).trim();
                else
                    ret = sx;
                // leading space was trimmed off during
                // construction
                if (leadingSpace)
                    if (x >= 0)
                        ret = " " + ret;
                ca4 = ret.toCharArray();
            }
            // Pad with blanks or zeros.
            ca5 = applyFloatPadding(ca4, false);
            precision = savePrecision;
            return new String(ca5);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the d conversion specifer and
         * short argument.
         * <p/>
         * For d format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  A '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both a
         * '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag is
         * ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the short to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printDFormat(short x) {
            return printDFormat(Short.toString(x));
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the d conversion character and
         * long argument.
         * <p/>
         * For d format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  A '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both a
         * '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag is
         * ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the long to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printDFormat(long x) {
            return printDFormat(Long.toString(x));
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the d conversion character and
         * int argument.
         * <p/>
         * For d format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  A '+' character means that the conversion
         * will always begin with a sign (+ or -).  The
         * blank flag character means that a non-negative
         * input will be preceded with a blank.  If both a
         * '+' and a ' ' are specified, the blank flag is
         * ignored.  The '0' flag character implies that
         * padding to the field width will be done with
         * zeros instead of blanks.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the int to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printDFormat(int x) {
            return printDFormat(Integer.toString(x));
        }

        /**
         * Utility method for formatting using the d
         * conversion character.
         *
         * @param sx the String to format, the result of
         *           converting a short, int, or long to a
         *           String.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printDFormat(String sx) {
            int nLeadingZeros = 0;
            int nBlanks = 0, n = 0;
            int i = 0, jFirst = 0;
            boolean neg = sx.charAt(0) == '-';
            if (sx.equals("0") && precisionSet && precision == 0)
                sx = "";
            if (!neg) {
                if (precisionSet && sx.length() < precision)
                    nLeadingZeros = precision - sx.length();
            } else if (precisionSet && sx.length() - 1 < precision)
                nLeadingZeros = precision - sx.length() + 1;
            if (nLeadingZeros < 0)
                nLeadingZeros = 0;
            if (fieldWidthSet) {
                nBlanks = fieldWidth - nLeadingZeros - sx.length();
                if (!neg && (leadingSign || leadingSpace))
                    nBlanks--;
            }
            if (nBlanks < 0)
                nBlanks = 0;
            if (leadingSign)
                n++;
            else if (leadingSpace)
                n++;
            n += nBlanks;
            n += nLeadingZeros;
            n += sx.length();
            char[] ca = new char[n];
            if (leftJustify) {
                if (neg)
                    ca[i++] = '-';
                else if (leadingSign)
                    ca[i++] = '+';
                else if (leadingSpace)
                    ca[i++] = ' ';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                jFirst = neg ? 1 : 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < nLeadingZeros; i++, j++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                for (int j = jFirst; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
                for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; i++, j++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
            } else {
                if (!leadingZeros) {
                    for (i = 0; i < nBlanks; i++)
                        ca[i] = ' ';
                    if (neg)
                        ca[i++] = '-';
                    else if (leadingSign)
                        ca[i++] = '+';
                    else if (leadingSpace)
                        ca[i++] = ' ';
                } else {
                    if (neg)
                        ca[i++] = '-';
                    else if (leadingSign)
                        ca[i++] = '+';
                    else if (leadingSpace)
                        ca[i++] = ' ';
                    for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                        ca[i] = '0';
                }
                for (int j = 0; j < nLeadingZeros; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                jFirst = neg ? 1 : 0;
                for (int j = jFirst; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
            }
            return new String(ca);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the x conversion character and
         * short argument.
         * <p/>
         * For x format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means to lead with
         * '0x'.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the short to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printXFormat(short x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Short.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "8000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t;
                if (x == Short.MIN_VALUE)
                    t = "0";
                else {
                    t = Integer.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Short.MIN_VALUE, 16);
                    if (t.charAt(0) == 'F' || t.charAt(0) == 'f')
                        t = t.substring(16, 32);
                }
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "800" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "80" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "8" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        switch (t.charAt(0)) {
                            case '1':
                                sx = "9" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '2':
                                sx = "a" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '3':
                                sx = "b" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '4':
                                sx = "c" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '5':
                                sx = "d" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '6':
                                sx = "e" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                            case '7':
                                sx = "f" + t.substring(1, 4);
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Integer.toString(x, 16);
            return printXFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the x conversion character and
         * long argument.
         * <p/>
         * For x format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means to lead with
         * '0x'.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the long to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printXFormat(long x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Long.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "8000000000000000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t = Long.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Long.MIN_VALUE, 16);
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "800000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "80000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "8000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        sx = "800000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        sx = "80000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        sx = "8000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        sx = "800000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        sx = "80000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 9:
                        sx = "8000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        sx = "800000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 11:
                        sx = "80000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 12:
                        sx = "8000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 13:
                        sx = "800" + t;
                        break;
                    case 14:
                        sx = "80" + t;
                        break;
                    case 15:
                        sx = "8" + t;
                        break;
                    case 16:
                        switch (t.charAt(0)) {
                            case '1':
                                sx = "9" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '2':
                                sx = "a" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '3':
                                sx = "b" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '4':
                                sx = "c" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '5':
                                sx = "d" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '6':
                                sx = "e" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                            case '7':
                                sx = "f" + t.substring(1, 16);
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Long.toString(x, 16);
            return printXFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the x conversion character and
         * int argument.
         * <p/>
         * For x format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means to lead with
         * '0x'.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the int to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printXFormat(int x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "80000000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t = Integer.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Integer.MIN_VALUE, 16);
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "8000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "800000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "80000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        sx = "8000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        sx = "800" + t;
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        sx = "80" + t;
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        sx = "8" + t;
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        switch (t.charAt(0)) {
                            case '1':
                                sx = "9" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '2':
                                sx = "a" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '3':
                                sx = "b" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '4':
                                sx = "c" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '5':
                                sx = "d" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '6':
                                sx = "e" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                            case '7':
                                sx = "f" + t.substring(1, 8);
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Integer.toString(x, 16);
            return printXFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Utility method for formatting using the x
         * conversion character.
         *
         * @param sx the String to format, the result of
         *           converting a short, int, or long to a
         *           String.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printXFormat(String sx) {
            int nLeadingZeros = 0;
            int nBlanks = 0;
            if (sx.equals("0") && precisionSet && precision == 0)
                sx = "";
            if (precisionSet)
                nLeadingZeros = precision - sx.length();
            if (nLeadingZeros < 0)
                nLeadingZeros = 0;
            if (fieldWidthSet) {
                nBlanks = fieldWidth - nLeadingZeros - sx.length();
                if (alternateForm)
                    nBlanks = nBlanks - 2;
            }
            if (nBlanks < 0)
                nBlanks = 0;
            int n = 0;
            if (alternateForm)
                n += 2;
            n += nLeadingZeros;
            n += sx.length();
            n += nBlanks;
            char[] ca = new char[n];
            int i = 0;
            if (leftJustify) {
                if (alternateForm) {
                    ca[i++] = '0';
                    ca[i++] = 'x';
                }
                for (int j = 0; j < nLeadingZeros; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
                for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
            } else {
                if (!leadingZeros)
                    for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                        ca[i] = ' ';
                if (alternateForm) {
                    ca[i++] = '0';
                    ca[i++] = 'x';
                }
                if (leadingZeros)
                    for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                        ca[i] = '0';
                for (int j = 0; j < nLeadingZeros; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
            }
            String caReturn = new String(ca);
            if (conversionCharacter == 'X')
                caReturn = caReturn.toUpperCase();
            return caReturn;
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the o conversion character and
         * short argument.
         * <p/>
         * For o format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means that the
         * output begins with a leading 0 and the precision
         * is increased by 1.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the short to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printOFormat(short x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Short.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "100000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t = Integer.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Short.MIN_VALUE, 8);
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "10000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "1000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "100" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        sx = "10" + t;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        sx = "1" + t;
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Integer.toString(x, 8);
            return printOFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the o conversion character and
         * long argument.
         * <p/>
         * For o format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means that the
         * output begins with a leading 0 and the precision
         * is increased by 1.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the long to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printOFormat(long x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Long.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "1000000000000000000000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t = Long.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Long.MIN_VALUE, 8);
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "100000000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "10000000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "1000000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        sx = "100000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        sx = "10000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        sx = "1000000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        sx = "100000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        sx = "10000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 9:
                        sx = "1000000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        sx = "100000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 11:
                        sx = "10000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 12:
                        sx = "1000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 13:
                        sx = "100000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 14:
                        sx = "10000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 15:
                        sx = "1000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 16:
                        sx = "100000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 17:
                        sx = "10000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 18:
                        sx = "1000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 19:
                        sx = "100" + t;
                        break;
                    case 20:
                        sx = "10" + t;
                        break;
                    case 21:
                        sx = "1" + t;
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Long.toString(x, 8);
            return printOFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the o conversion character and
         * int argument.
         * <p/>
         * For o format, the flag character '-', means that
         * the output should be left justified within the
         * field.  The default is to pad with blanks on the
         * left.  The '#' flag character means that the
         * output begins with a leading 0 and the precision
         * is increased by 1.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is to
         * add no padding.  Padding is with blanks by
         * default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is the minimum number of
         * digits to appear.  Padding is with leading 0s.
         *
         * @param x the int to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printOFormat(int x) {
            String sx = null;
            if (x == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
                sx = "20000000000";
            else if (x < 0) {
                String t = Integer.toString(~(-x - 1) ^ Integer.MIN_VALUE, 8);
                switch (t.length()) {
                    case 1:
                        sx = "2000000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        sx = "200000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        sx = "20000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        sx = "2000000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        sx = "200000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        sx = "20000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        sx = "2000" + t;
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        sx = "200" + t;
                        break;
                    case 9:
                        sx = "20" + t;
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        sx = "2" + t;
                        break;
                    case 11:
                        sx = "3" + t.substring(1);
                        break;
                }
            } else
                sx = Integer.toString(x, 8);
            return printOFormat(sx);
        }

        /**
         * Utility method for formatting using the o
         * conversion character.
         *
         * @param sx the String to format, the result of
         *           converting a short, int, or long to a
         *           String.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printOFormat(String sx) {
            int nLeadingZeros = 0;
            int nBlanks = 0;
            if (sx.equals("0") && precisionSet && precision == 0)
                sx = "";
            if (precisionSet)
                nLeadingZeros = precision - sx.length();
            if (alternateForm)
                nLeadingZeros++;
            if (nLeadingZeros < 0)
                nLeadingZeros = 0;
            if (fieldWidthSet)
                nBlanks = fieldWidth - nLeadingZeros - sx.length();
            if (nBlanks < 0)
                nBlanks = 0;
            int n = nLeadingZeros + sx.length() + nBlanks;
            char[] ca = new char[n];
            int i;
            if (leftJustify) {
                for (i = 0; i < nLeadingZeros; i++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
                for (int j = 0; j < nBlanks; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
            } else {
                if (leadingZeros)
                    for (i = 0; i < nBlanks; i++)
                        ca[i] = '0';
                else
                    for (i = 0; i < nBlanks; i++)
                        ca[i] = ' ';
                for (int j = 0; j < nLeadingZeros; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = '0';
                char[] csx = sx.toCharArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < csx.length; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = csx[j];
            }
            return new String(ca);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the c conversion character and
         * char argument.
         * <p/>
         * The only flag character that affects c format is
         * the '-', meaning that the output should be left
         * justified within the field.  The default is to
         * pad with blanks on the left.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  Padding is with
         * blanks by default.  The default width is 1.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, is ignored.
         *
         * @param x the char to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printCFormat(char x) {
            int nPrint = 1;
            int width = fieldWidth;
            if (!fieldWidthSet)
                width = nPrint;
            char[] ca = new char[width];
            int i = 0;
            if (leftJustify) {
                ca[0] = x;
                for (i = 1; i <= width - nPrint; i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
            } else {
                for (i = 0; i < width - nPrint; i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
                ca[i] = x;
            }
            return new String(ca);
        }

        /**
         * Format method for the s conversion character and
         * String argument.
         * <p/>
         * The only flag character that affects s format is
         * the '-', meaning that the output should be left
         * justified within the field.  The default is to
         * pad with blanks on the left.
         * <p/>
         * The field width is treated as the minimum number
         * of characters to be printed.  The default is the
         * smaller of the number of characters in the the
         * input and the precision.  Padding is with blanks
         * by default.
         * <p/>
         * The precision, if set, specifies the maximum
         * number of characters to be printed from the
         * string.  A null digit string is treated
         * as a 0.  The default is not to set a maximum
         * number of characters to be printed.
         *
         * @param x the String to format.
         * @return the formatted String.
         */
        private String printSFormat(String x) {
            int nPrint = x.length();
            int width = fieldWidth;
            if (precisionSet && nPrint > precision)
                nPrint = precision;
            if (!fieldWidthSet)
                width = nPrint;
            int n = 0;
            if (width > nPrint)
                n += width - nPrint;
            if (nPrint >= x.length())
                n += x.length();
            else
                n += nPrint;
            char[] ca = new char[n];
            int i = 0;
            if (leftJustify) {
                if (nPrint >= x.length()) {
                    char[] csx = x.toCharArray();
                    for (i = 0; i < x.length(); i++)
                        ca[i] = csx[i];
                } else {
                    char[] csx = x.substring(0, nPrint).toCharArray();
                    for (i = 0; i < nPrint; i++)
                        ca[i] = csx[i];
                }
                for (int j = 0; j < width - nPrint; j++, i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
            } else {
                for (i = 0; i < width - nPrint; i++)
                    ca[i] = ' ';
                if (nPrint >= x.length()) {
                    char[] csx = x.toCharArray();
                    for (int j = 0; j < x.length(); i++, j++)
                        ca[i] = csx[j];
                } else {
                    char[] csx = x.substring(0, nPrint).toCharArray();
                    for (int j = 0; j < nPrint; i++, j++)
                        ca[i] = csx[j];
                }
            }
            return new String(ca);
        }

        /**
         * Check for a conversion character.  If it is
         * there, store it.
         *
         * @return <code>true</code> if the conversion
         *         character is there, and
         *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
         */
        private boolean setConversionCharacter() {
            /* idfgGoxXeEcs */
            boolean ret = false;
            conversionCharacter = '\0';
            if (pos < fmt.length()) {
                char c = fmt.charAt(pos);
                if (c == 'i' || c == 'd' || c == 'f' || c == 'g' || c == 'G' || c == 'o' || c == 'x' || c == 'X' || c == 'e' || c == 'E' || c == 'c' || c == 's' || c == '%') {
                    conversionCharacter = c;
                    pos++;
                    ret = true;
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }

        /**
         * Check for an h, l, or L in a format.  An L is
         * used to control the minimum number of digits
         * in an exponent when using floating point
         * formats.  An l or h is used to control
         * conversion of the input to a long or short,
         * respectively, before formatting.  If any of
         * these is present, store them.
         */
        private void setOptionalHL() {
            optionalh = false;
            optionall = false;
            optionalL = false;
            if (pos < fmt.length()) {
                char c = fmt.charAt(pos);
                if (c == 'h') {
                    optionalh = true;
                    pos++;
                } else if (c == 'l') {
                    optionall = true;
                    pos++;
                } else if (c == 'L') {
                    optionalL = true;
                    pos++;
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Set the precision.
         */
        private void setPrecision() {
            int firstPos = pos;
            precisionSet = false;
            if (pos < fmt.length() && fmt.charAt(pos) == '.') {
                pos++;
                if (pos < fmt.length() && fmt.charAt(pos) == '*') {
                    pos++;
                    if (!setPrecisionArgPosition()) {
                        variablePrecision = true;
                        precisionSet = true;
                    }
                    return;
                } else {
                    while (pos < fmt.length()) {
                        char c = fmt.charAt(pos);
                        if (Character.isDigit(c))
                            pos++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    if (pos > firstPos + 1) {
                        String sz = fmt.substring(firstPos + 1, pos);
                        precision = Integer.parseInt(sz);
                        precisionSet = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Set the field width.
         */
        private void setFieldWidth() {
            int firstPos = pos;
            fieldWidth = 0;
            fieldWidthSet = false;
            if (pos < fmt.length() && fmt.charAt(pos) == '*') {
                pos++;
                if (!setFieldWidthArgPosition()) {
                    variableFieldWidth = true;
                    fieldWidthSet = true;
                }
            } else {
                while (pos < fmt.length()) {
                    char c = fmt.charAt(pos);
                    if (Character.isDigit(c))
                        pos++;
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (firstPos < pos && firstPos < fmt.length()) {
                    String sz = fmt.substring(firstPos, pos);
                    fieldWidth = Integer.parseInt(sz);
                    fieldWidthSet = true;
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Store the digits <code>n</code> in %n$ forms.
         */
        private void setArgPosition() {
            int xPos;
            for (xPos = pos; xPos < fmt.length(); xPos++)
                if (!Character.isDigit(fmt.charAt(xPos)))
                    break;
            if (xPos > pos && xPos < fmt.length())
                if (fmt.charAt(xPos) == '$') {
                    positionalSpecification = true;
                    argumentPosition = Integer.parseInt(fmt.substring(pos, xPos));
                    pos = xPos + 1;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Store the digits <code>n</code> in *n$ forms.
         */
        private boolean setFieldWidthArgPosition() {
            boolean ret = false;
            int xPos;
            for (xPos = pos; xPos < fmt.length(); xPos++)
                if (!Character.isDigit(fmt.charAt(xPos)))
                    break;
            if (xPos > pos && xPos < fmt.length())
                if (fmt.charAt(xPos) == '$') {
                    positionalFieldWidth = true;
                    argumentPositionForFieldWidth = Integer.parseInt(fmt.substring(pos, xPos));
                    pos = xPos + 1;
                    ret = true;
                }
            return ret;
        }

        /**
         * Store the digits <code>n</code> in *n$ forms.
         */
        private boolean setPrecisionArgPosition() {
            boolean ret = false;
            int xPos;
            for (xPos = pos; xPos < fmt.length(); xPos++)
                if (!Character.isDigit(fmt.charAt(xPos)))
                    break;
            if (xPos > pos && xPos < fmt.length())
                if (fmt.charAt(xPos) == '$') {
                    positionalPrecision = true;
                    argumentPositionForPrecision = Integer.parseInt(fmt.substring(pos, xPos));
                    pos = xPos + 1;
                    ret = true;
                }
            return ret;
        }

        boolean isPositionalSpecification() {
            return positionalSpecification;
        }

        int getArgumentPosition() {
            return argumentPosition;
        }

        boolean isPositionalFieldWidth() {
            return positionalFieldWidth;
        }

        int getArgumentPositionForFieldWidth() {
            return argumentPositionForFieldWidth;
        }

        boolean isPositionalPrecision() {
            return positionalPrecision;
        }

        int getArgumentPositionForPrecision() {
            return argumentPositionForPrecision;
        }

        /**
         * Set flag characters, one of '-+#0 or a space.
         */
        private void setFlagCharacters() {
            /* '-+ #0 */
            thousands = false;
            leftJustify = false;
            leadingSign = false;
            leadingSpace = false;
            alternateForm = false;
            leadingZeros = false;
            for (; pos < fmt.length(); pos++) {
                char c = fmt.charAt(pos);
                if (c == '\'')
                    thousands = true;
                else if (c == '-') {
                    leftJustify = true;
                    leadingZeros = false;
                } else if (c == '+') {
                    leadingSign = true;
                    leadingSpace = false;
                } else if (c == ' ') {
                    if (!leadingSign)
                        leadingSpace = true;
                } else if (c == '#')
                    alternateForm = true;
                else if (c == '0') {
                    if (!leftJustify)
                        leadingZeros = true;
                } else
                    break;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The integer portion of the result of a decimal
         * conversion (i, d, u, f, g, or G) will be
         * formatted with thousands' grouping characters.
         * For other conversions the flag is ignored.
         */
        private boolean thousands = false;
        /**
         * The result of the conversion will be
         * left-justified within the field.
         */
        private boolean leftJustify = false;
        /**
         * The result of a signed conversion will always
         * begin with a sign (+ or -).
         */
        private boolean leadingSign = false;
        /**
         * Flag indicating that left padding with spaces is
         * specified.
         */
        private boolean leadingSpace = false;
        /**
         * For an o conversion, increase the precision to
         * force the first digit of the result to be a
         * zero.  For x (or X) conversions, a non-zero
         * result will have 0x (or 0X) prepended to it.
         * For e, E, f, g, or G conversions, the result
         * will always contain a radix character, even if
         * no digits follow the point.  For g and G
         * conversions, trailing zeros will not be removed
         * from the result.
         */
        private boolean alternateForm = false;
        /**
         * Flag indicating that left padding with zeroes is
         * specified.
         */
        private boolean leadingZeros = false;
        /**
         * Flag indicating that the field width is *.
         */
        private boolean variableFieldWidth = false;
        /**
         * If the converted value has fewer bytes than the
         * field width, it will be padded with spaces or
         * zeroes.
         */
        private int fieldWidth = 0;
        /**
         * Flag indicating whether or not the field width
         * has been set.
         */
        private boolean fieldWidthSet = false;
        /**
         * The minimum number of digits to appear for the
         * d, i, o, u, x, or X conversions.  The number of
         * digits to appear after the radix character for
         * the e, E, and f conversions.  The maximum number
         * of significant digits for the g and G
         * conversions.  The maximum number of bytes to be
         * printed from a string in s and S conversions.
         */
        private int precision = 0;
        /**
         * Default precision.
         */
        private final static int defaultDigits = 6;
        /**
         * Flag indicating that the precision is *.
         */
        private boolean variablePrecision = false;
        /**
         * Flag indicating whether or not the precision has
         * been set.
         */
        private boolean precisionSet = false;
        /*
           */
        private boolean positionalSpecification = false;
        private int argumentPosition = 0;
        private boolean positionalFieldWidth = false;
        private int argumentPositionForFieldWidth = 0;
        private boolean positionalPrecision = false;
        private int argumentPositionForPrecision = 0;
        /**
         * Flag specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x,
         * or X conversion character applies to a type
         * short int.
         */
        private boolean optionalh = false;
        /**
         * Flag specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x,
         * or X conversion character applies to a type lont
         * int argument.
         */
        private boolean optionall = false;
        /**
         * Flag specifying that a following e, E, f, g, or
         * G conversion character applies to a type double
         * argument.  This is a noop in Java.
         */
        private boolean optionalL = false;
        /**
         * Control string type.
         */
        private char conversionCharacter = '\0';
        /**
         * Position within the control string.  Used by
         * the constructor.
         */
        private int pos = 0;
        /**
         * Literal or control format string.
         */
        private String fmt;
    }

    /**
     * Vector of control strings and format literals.
     */
    private List<ConversionSpecification> vFmt = new ArrayList<ConversionSpecification>();
    /**
     * Character position.  Used by the constructor.
     */
    private int cPos = 0;
    /**
     * Character position.  Used by the constructor.
     */
    private DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = null;
}
